Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

INCOME TAXES

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INCOME TAXES
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
The Company is taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. In addition to U.S. federal and state income taxes, the Company is subject to local and foreign income taxes, with respect to the Company’s allocable share of any taxable income generated by the Operating Company that flows through to the Company.
The Operating Company and its subsidiaries, other than BIGRM and BPM, are limited liability companies or limited partnerships and, as such, are not subject to income taxes. The individual owners of the Operating Company and its subsidiaries are required to report their distributive share of realized income, gains, losses, deductions, or credits on their individual income tax returns.
The components of income tax expense attributable to Bridge Investment Group Holdings Inc., including subsidiaries BIGRM and BPM, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2023 2022 2021
Current income taxes:
Federal $ 2,462  $ 6,342  $ 2,887 
State 1,247 2,982 1,300
Deferred income taxes:
Federal 3,190 9,385 4,970
State (772) 3,486 (895)
Total income taxes
 $ 6,127  $ 22,195  $ 8,262 
In connection with the exchanges of Operating Company interests for Class A common stock by the Original Equity Owners in July and August 2021, the Company’s ownership in the Operating Company increased, which resulted in a deferred tax asset in the amount of $59.0 million as of December 31, 2021. Additionally, in connection with the exchange transactions the Company recorded a corresponding TRA liability, which was $46.1 million as of December 31, 2021, representing 85% of the incremental net cash tax savings for the Company due to the exchanging Original Equity Owners.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, certain Original Equity Owners exchanged a portion of their Class A Units for our Class A common stock, which also resulted in a redemption of the corresponding Class B common stock. As a result of the exchange, the deferred income tax asset increased with a corresponding increase in the TRA liability for 85% of the incremental net cash tax savings. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the deferred tax asset related to the TRA was $67.0 million and $53.9 million, respectively, and the TRA liability was $69.5 million and $52.0 million, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $2.1 million of expense, $1.2 million of income, and $1.7 million of expense, respectively, related to the change in the TRA liability, which is included in other (expense) income on the consolidated and combined statements of operations for the periods then ended.
The Company’s effective tax rate was (7.53)%, 7.53%, and 1.98% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate is dependent on many factors, including the estimated amount of income subject to tax. Consequently, the effective tax rate can vary from period to period. The Company’s overall effective tax rate in each of the periods described above is less than the statutory rate primarily because (a) the Company was not subject to U.S. federal taxes prior to the Transactions and the IPO and (b) a portion of income is allocated to non-controlling interests, and the tax liability on such income is borne by the holders of such non-controlling interests. A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2023 2022 2021
Federal tax at statutory rate
 21.00  % 21.00  % 21.00  %
State and local income tax (net of federal tax benefit)
 (0.46) % 1.73  % 0.37  %
Income passed to non-controlling interests
 (20.83) % (17.44) % (19.46) %
Change in deferred TRA tax assets
 (4.70) % —  % —  %
Other
 (2.54) % 2.24  % 0.07  %
Effective tax rate
 (7.53) % 7.53  % 1.98  %
The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax asset on a quarterly basis and adjusts the valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset may not be realized.
The net deferred income tax assets in the consolidated balance sheets include the following amounts of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2023 2022
Deferred income tax assets:
Deferred TRA $ 67,006  $ 53,915 
Unrealized loss on securities 48 110
Loss reserve 469 348
Capital loss carryforward 14 14
Total deferred income tax assets 67,537 54,387
As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no unrecognized tax positions and does not expect any changes to uncertain tax positions within the next 12 months. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 the Company did not recognize any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, based on information available to the Company as of the date hereof, the Company does not believe the outcome of any future audit will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated and combined financial statements.